Labrador current - Mar 20, 2020 ... The Labrador current is cold in the North Atlantic and flows southwards along the western side of the Labrador Sea. The current passes along the ...

 
Labrador Current. The western boundary current of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre. The current receives considerable input of Arctic Surface Water originating from the East Greenland Current and supplied through the West Greenland and Baffin Currents. Its mean transport is close to 35 Sv (35 × 10 6 m 3 s -1 ). The current is strongest in ... . Creed 2 parents guide

The Florida Current is a strong oceanic current flowing northward along the eastern coast of Florida carrying warm tropical waters that eventually feed the Gulf Stream. O riginating in the South Atlantic and Caribbean Sea, the Florida Current is formed when the Gulf of Mexico Loop Current and the Yucatan Current come together.... Current and the narrow boundary current that develops south of the Denmark ... A team of scientists from the GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research in Kiel, ...May 6, 2023 · The Labrador Current is fed by a combination of waters flowing from the West Greenland Current and exported from the Arctic along the Labrador Shelf (Fig. 1 a). It is characterized by two... Jun 30, 2016 · The Labrador Current can be partitioned into a western Labrador Current (WLC), and an eastern Labrador Current (ELC) The WLC transport experienced an abrupt increase during 2000–2002 The change in the WLC is due to a southwestward shift of the atmospheric circulation starting in 2001 Updated velocity climatology for the Labrador shelf current (LSC) The LSC is an unmeasured component at OSNAP West that flows southward at water depth …May 8, 2018 · Labrador Current. Labrador Current An oceanic current that brings cold Arctic waters southwards into the North Atlantic along the western margin of Greenland. Frequently it carries icebergs southwards, concentrating them in the area to the east of the Grand Banks in late spring to early summer. Fog banks often occur off the coast of ... The cold Labrador Current and the warm Gulf Stream meet on the Grand Banks, making the area not only one of the richest fishing grounds in the world, but also one of the foggiest areas. The Grand Banks are an area of significant petroleum production with Hibernia, White Rose and Terra Nova oil fields all located there. Icebergs and pack iceAn iceberg on the Labrador Sea. Labrador has a large turbidity current channel system, which runs from its center to the Atlantic Ocean. The underwater current, known as the Northwest Atlantic Mid-Ocean Current, is 100-200 meters deep, 3,800 kilometers long, and 2-5 kilometers wide and resembles a submarine riverbed with …Jul 9, 2012 · Another is the Labrador Current. This mighty stream flows from Baffin Bay along the coast of Labrador and Newfoundland and south to the New England coast. Where the Labrador Current and the Gulf ... The Labrador Retriever is an exuberant, very energetic breed that needs lots of exercise every day. A Lab who doesn't get enough exercise is likely to engage in hyperactive and/or destructive ...11. Two different types of Labrador have developed over the last fifty years. English Labs often have broader heads, thicker tails, a barrel chest and a healthy helping of enthusiasm for greeting every person and dog they meet. American type Labs have a leaner body shape, and turbo charged temperament, with a high prey drive, …The Labrador Current is part of the anticlockwise subpolar gyre and plays a major role in the formation of North Atlantic Deep Water. It is influenced by the West Greenland and Baffin currents supplying warmer Atlantic and cold polar waters, respectively. During the early Holocene, at the final stage of the last deglaciation, meltwater and ...A cold current from the Arctic Ocean called Labrador Current, which flows along the eastern coast of Canada, meets the warm Gulf Stream near the northeast corner of the U.S.A. The confluence of these two currents, one cold and the other warm, produce fog around the region and makes it the most important fishing ground in the world.The Official Time Is NST. Even though the province follows two time zones, Newfoundland Standard Time is the official time zone per provincial law. Labrador still unofficially uses Atlantic Time along with the eastern part of mainland Canada. Unlike most time zones, Newfoundland has a half-hour offset instead of the usual full-hour offset: UTC ...Jan 2, 2024 ... Sea ice delivery! The Labrador Current transports ice from the cold waters near eastern Canada to the south, where it melts in warmer ...The Labrador Current, famous for icebergs and once-abundant cod fish, is a southeasterly flow of water over the continental shelf and slope east of Newfoundland and Labrador, between Hudson Strait and the southern tip of the Grand Banks. The Labrador Current, famous for icebergs and once-abundant cod fish, is a southeasterly flow of …Hurricanes that strike the United States' coast follow the line where the Gulf Stream meets the Labrador Current. Snowfall. When air passes over the cool Ocean current, it condenses and freezes. As a result, rather than rain, this wind will bring snow. Cold Labrador currents increase snowfall on the Labrador coast as a result of this. Snow-free ...The New England and Nova Scotia continental shelves have been warming at a rate much faster than almost anywhere else in the global ocean. Just east of this region, two of the Atlantic's mightiest currents—the warm Gulf Stream and the cold Labrador Current—interact near the edge of an underwater plateau called the Grand Banks of …May 3, 2023 ... Write a brief note on Labrador Current.Language links are at the top of the page across from the title.14. Consider the following statements, 1] The Gulf Stream starts in the Gulf of Mexico. 2] The Labrador Current is a cold current in the North Atlantic Ocean which flows from the Arctic Ocean south along the coast of Labrador and passes around Newfoundland. Which of the above statements is/are incorrect? View Solution. Q 2.Sep 1, 2021 · The Labrador Current (LC) provides freshwater from the Arctic to the North Atlantic, modulating the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), and therefore affecting the broader North Atlantic climate. The Holocene alongflow variability of the LC vigor, and the associated forcing mechanisms, are poorly understood due to the limited ... The Labrador Current can be partitioned into a western Labrador Current (WLC), and an eastern Labrador Current (ELC) The WLC transport experienced an abrupt increase during 2000–2002 The change in the WLC is due to a southwestward shift of the atmospheric circulation starting in 2001 Correspondence to: Z. Wang, [email protected] ... The cold current flows till the Labrador coast from the Arctic Ocean. This cold wave also meets the warm waves that are moving and outward in Gulf Stream. The combination of these cold current and hot current produces heavy fog. The Gulf Stream is a warm Current. It flows in the Atlantic Ocean. The origin of this wave occurs at the Gulf …May 3, 2023 ... Write a brief note on Labrador Current.NatureLog in · Sign up. Conversation. METAL Q · @Quincinerate. The Labrador Current. 9:11 PM · Feb 17, 2024. ·. 69. Views.The Labrador Sea is known for strong surface heat losses and deep ocean ventilation in the wintertime as well as high biological productivity and carbon export associated with extensive spring blooms.Using satellite-derived estimates of chlorophyll-a and net primary productivity, this study documents that the Labrador Sea has recently …Guenther explained that the Labrador Current, driven by a large atmospheric pressure system over Canada, brings cold water to the gulf. Through patterns of circulation that span the Atlantic Ocean, the warmer waters of the Gulf Stream also get mixed into the gulf. The Labrador Current is a cold current in the North Atlantic Ocean which flows from the Arctic Ocean south along the coast of Labrador and passes around Newfoundland, continuing south along the east coast of Canada near Nova Scotia. Near Nova Scotia, this cold water current meets the … See moreClarenville Newfoundland and Labrador - March 17, 2021 - All 4 components of the mail in ballots for the current provincial election in Newfoundland and Labrador during the Covid-19 pandemic. Dog lifeguard who work with the Italian Coast Guard, and are believed to save about 3,000 people every year.There are currently 300 canine lifeguards working on …Oct 17, 2008 · The region is dominated by the equatorward flowing Labrador Current along the shelf edge and along the Labrador and Newfoundland coasts. The Labrador Current is strong in the fall/winter and weak in the spring/summer. The annual-mean transport of the shelf edge Labrador Current is 7.5 Sv at Hamilton Bank and 5.5 Sv through the Flemish Pass. However, the role of the southward flowing Labrador Current in Labrador Sea convection is still debated. In order to better assess its role in deep-water formation and climate variability, we present high-resolution mid- to late Holocene records of sea surface and bottom water temperatures, freshening, and sea ice cover on the Labrador Shelf during …Date modified: 2024-02-18. Current conditions and forecasts including 7 day outlook, daily high/low temperature, warnings, chance of precipitation, pressure, humidity/wind chill (when applicable) historical data, normals, record values and sunrise/sunset times.Jul 9, 2012 · Another is the Labrador Current. This mighty stream flows from Baffin Bay along the coast of Labrador and Newfoundland and south to the New England coast. Where the Labrador Current and the Gulf ... The Labrador Current flows southward along the continental margin off eastern Canada and is the principal source of sediment to the outer continental margin areas where ice sheets did not cross ...May 1, 2017 · The role of Labrador Current (LC) in providing freshwater to the North Atlantic and hence modulating the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) has been debated with very few data. This study provides the first data on the relative speed of the LC for the past 9.2 ka using mean size of the sortable silt of sediments as a proxy from a mid-shelf basin in the western Labrador Sea. LC ... Application period: December 22, 2021–February 13, 2022. Fogo Island Arts is delighted to announce an open call for a new residency exploring the interconnectedness of food with our histories, ecologies, economies, politics, and social worlds. Fogo Island is geographically located within the Labrador Current, a section of the Atlantic being ...Date modified: 2024-02-18. Current conditions and forecasts including 7 day outlook, daily high/low temperature, warnings, chance of precipitation, pressure, humidity/wind chill (when applicable) historical data, normals, record values and sunrise/sunset times.Virtual particles released in the Labrador Current revealed that the westward penetration of the current into the shelf seas is inhibited by warm core rings emanating from the Gulf Stream.Yellow Labrador retriever puppy’s for sale. £1,500. Labrador Retriever Age: 4 weeks 2 male / 3 female. Our beautiful Elsie has had 5 gorgeous healthy pups , 2 boys & 3 girls (1 girl sold)this is Elsie’s second litter and all pups have been healthy . We have photos and details , health checks from the stud dog too .The Labrador Current (including inshore and offshore branches) is a continuation of the southward flowing Baffin Island Current (Lazier and Wright, 1993), it transports the cold and relatively low salinity waters flowing out of Baffin Bay, outflow from Hudson Strait, and the warmer and more saline waters of a branch of the West …The Labrador Current (LC) flows south along the coasts of Labrador and Newfoundland until it reaches the tip of the Grand Banks. At that location, part of the current is retroflected to the east ...We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.Another is the Labrador Current. This mighty stream flows from Baffin Bay along the coast of Labrador and Newfoundland and south to the New England coast.The first, warm Slope Water, is a well-mixed zone found between 0 and 400 m depth close to the Gulf Stream; the flow is primarily eastward. The second zone, Labrador Slope Water, is deeper, clings to the continental slope below 100 m and is broadest near σt = 27.5; it is poorly mixed and flows to the west. The boundary between the two zones ... Jul 12, 2023 · The Influence of the Current . Whether you live in the direct pathway of the Labrador Current or not, its influence is significant to our global health. Considered a distinct ecosystem, the Labrador Current helps keep the world’s oceans alive. Cold winter temperatures in the Labrador Sea are responsible for pushing oxygen-rich surface waters ... Find the perfect labrador current stock photo, image, vector, illustration or 360 image. Available for both RF and RM licensing.In absence of cold Labrador current there will be no North East Atlantic fishing ground. The Labrador Current is a cold current in the North Atlantic Ocean ...Feb 12, 2019 · The Labrador Current is part of the anticlockwise subpolar gyre and plays a major role in the formation of North Atlantic Deep Water. It is influenced by the West Greenland and Baffin currents ... The Labrador Current is a cold current in the North Atlantic Ocean which flows from the Arctic Ocean south along the coast of Labrador and passes around Newfoundland, continuing south along the east coast of Nova Scotia.It is a continuation of the West Greenland Current and the Baffin Island Current.. It meets the warm Gulf Stream at the …3-1/2 to 4 cups. 100 pounds. 4-1/4 to 4-3/4 cups. 120 pounds. 4-3/4 to 5-1/4 cups. When it comes to adult Labrador Retriever dogs, veterinarians recommend feeding the amount of food that is 2 to 3% of Lab dog’s body weight a day. But remember, that is for adult Labradors.May 28, 2023 · The Labrador Current, famous for icebergs and once-abundant cod fish, is a southeasterly flow of water over the continental shelf and slope east of Newfoundland and Labrador, between Hudson Strait and the southern tip of the Grand Banks. The Labrador Current, famous for icebergs and once-abundant cod fish, is a southeasterly flow of water over ... Labradors 6 months and older should eat two cups of food twice a day, according to Labrador Net. The amount of food and frequency of feedings depends on the age of the dog. For exa...Labrador Current. The Labrador Current is a deep ocean current that flows southward along the coast of Labrador and Newfoundland. It is a cold current, formed by the sinking of dense, cold water in the Labrador Sea. The current carries nutrient-rich waters that support large populations of seaweed and fish, making it an important area for ... RUSTIC RIDGE LABRADORS CURRENT LITTER AND LIVE PUPPY CAM. For Live Puppy Cam click on the cameras below! Pearl x Beau 12-1-2023. Hazel x Dre 12-24-2023. Jewel x Weed 12-26-2023. . Puppies join their new families at 8 weeks old. Rustic Ridge Labradors reserves 1-2 puppies from each little to carry on our line. Complete a.Apr 20, 2017 · The Labrador Sea climate was impacted by several centennial-scale meltwater events that subsequently impacted the vigor of the Labrador Current during the past 9.2 ka. Early Holocene Labrador Sea climate events are linked to the disintegration and eventual demise of the LIS. Want to see the time in Labrador, Canada compared with your home? Choose a date and time then click "Submit" and we'll help you convert it from Labrador, Canada time to your time zone. 2024 Feb 24 at 12 (12 Noon) 00. Submit. Convert Time From Labrador, Canada to any time zone.The Labrador Current transports cold, relatively fresh, and well-oxygenated waters within the subpolar North Atlantic and towards the eastern American continental shelf. The relative contribution of these waters to either region depends on the eastward retroflection of the Labrador Current at the Grand Banks of Newfoundland.1. Introduction. Direct interaction between the equatorward flowing Labrador Current (LC) carrying cold and freshwater and northeastward flowing North Atlantic Current (NAC) bringing warm and salty water (Fratantoni and McCartney, 2010; Zantopp et al., 2017) brought drastic seasonal changes on the SE Grand Banks.LC mainly brings Arctic …Labrador Mountain will be open Monday, February 12th from 10 am to 4:30 pm with 3 lifts serving 12+ trails, and counting. The groomers have been out. We are skiing and riding on a 14 to 42” base with a machine groomed loose granular surface. The Puffin Bird will be open for your dining pleasure from 11 am to 5 pm.1. Introduction [2] Within the subpolar North Atlantic a vigorous deep western boundary current (DWBC) carries ventilated North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) from the overflow regions and from the Labrador Sea southward. Labrador Sea Water (LSW), the shallowest component of the NADW, is formed by deep convection in the Labrador Sea. …... Labrador Current and the second, larger peak to the West Greenland Current. ... currents, a coastal flow and the main branch of the Labrador Current. The coastal ...Mar 7, 2023 · The Labrador Current transports cold, relatively fresh, and well-oxygenated waters within the subpolar North Atlantic and towards the eastern American continental shelf. The relative contribution ... On average, Labrador retrievers have running speeds between 14 to 18 miles per hour. However, this depends upon the weight and health of the dog. Labrador retrievers have an incred...Sep 1, 2021 ... The LC progressively intensified from 8.0 to 5.0 ka, weakened between 5.0 and 1.8 ka and gradually intensified from 1.8 to 0.5 ka. Our synthesis ...a Labrador Sea: UNADW layer (σ θ = 27.70–27.80 kg m −3) thickness anomalies across the full Labrador Current (LC; dark blue) and West Greenland Current (WGC; light blue) arrays (see Fig. 1b ...The Role of the Ocean in Temperature. In general, the ocean affects landward temperatures by moderating them: Such a huge body of water warms and cools far less rapidly than terrestrial environments, so coastal areas often see lower temperatures in summer and warmer ones in winter than places farther inland. But the great ocean …The current flows in a clockwise direction from east to west around Antarctica. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current is considered to be the largest ocean current in the world. Labrador Current: North Atlantic Ocean: With the combination of warm Gulf Stream and cold Labrador Current is known for producing one of the richest fishing …Labrador Current flows from the Arctic Ocean and meets the warm Gulf Stream in the southeast coast of Newfoundland. It has a cooling effectThe northwest Atlantic continental margin, Flemish Cap included, is swept by the south-flowing Labrador Current (LC) (Fig. 1) and the Western Boundary Undercurrent (WBUC).The LC moves over the shelf and upper slope and extends down to at least 1000 m water depth, whereas WBUC is a south-flowing contour current that moves at lower …The current system is called the Labrador Current where it merges with the outflow from Hudson Strait (Lazier and Wright, 1993). The Labrador Current travels southward along the eastern coast of North America and eventually leaves the Labrador Sea.The role of Labrador Current (LC) in providing freshwater to the North Atlantic and hence modulating the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) has been debated with very few data. This study provides the first data on the relative speed of the LC for the past 9.2 ka using mean size of the sortable silt of sediments as a proxy …The Labrador current flows south along the eastern coast of Canada to the northern United States. The Labrador current is partially fed by the East Greenland current. Once it reaches the northern United States, it flows past the Gulf Stream. Mozambique: A warm current: The Mozambique current flows south along the east coast of Madagascar and ... Stay on top of Newfoundland and Labrador with the latest in news, weather, sports and interviews.Jun 28, 2023 · The Labrador Current is a cold water current in the North Atlantic Ocean that flows south along the coast of Newfoundland and Labrador, continuing partially along the east coast of Nova Scotia and ... 11. Two different types of Labrador have developed over the last fifty years. English Labs often have broader heads, thicker tails, a barrel chest and a healthy helping of enthusiasm for greeting every person and dog they meet. American type Labs have a leaner body shape, and turbo charged temperament, with a high prey drive, …Language links are at the top of the page across from the title.Labrador Current flows from the Arctic Ocean and meets the warm Gulf Stream in the southeast coast of Newfoundland. It has a cooling effectAug 15, 2014 · The ice-loaded Labrador Current (LC) is an important component of the western North Atlantic circulation that influences the position and strength of the northern limb of the North Atlantic Current (NAC). This flow of cold and fresh Polar Waters originating from the Arctic has a marked impact on the North Atlantic climate, yet little is known ... However, the role of the southward flowing Labrador Current in Labrador Sea convection is still debated. In order to better assess its role in deep-water formation and climate variability, we present high-resolution mid- to late Holocene records of sea surface and bottom water temperatures, freshening, and sea ice cover on the Labrador Shelf during …Learn about the Labrador Current, a cold ocean current in the North Atlantic that flows from the Arctic Ocean to the Gulf Stream. Find out its features, impact, and MCQs for the …1.)The Labrador Current is a cold current in the North Atlantic Ocean which flows from the Arctic Ocean south along the coast of Labrador and passes around Newfoundland, continuing south along the east coast of Canada near Nova Scotia. Near Nova Scotia, this cold water current meets the warm northward moving Gulf Stream.Cape Point is where two major North American currents come together. The Gulf Stream is a warm southern current that attracts subtropical and big game specie...Jan 13, 2020 · The Labrador Sea is characterized by strong boundary currents and weak flow in the basin interior 13,14 (Fig. 1b).Waters enter the basin via the West Greenland Current (WGC) and exit in the ... Oct 17, 2006 · Current meter records from the DWBC in the Labrador Sea deployed between 1996 and 1998, the period analyzed by HR04, support the weakening circulation trend and suggest that the late 1990s decline extends deep into the water column. Their analysis suggested that the weakening of the DWBC was linked to a corresponding weakening trend of the net ... The Labrador Sea is the most affected region in the subpolar North Atlantic, with a freshening of 0.2 psu on the western shelves and 0.4 psu in the Labrador Current.

Historical and Current Challenges Faced by the Breed or Breeders. Labrador Retrievers have encountered a number of challenges throughout their history, and breeders continue to face issues even today. From their initial origin as working dogs, Labrador Retrievers have evolved into a popular family pet, service dog, and sporting …. Best movie torrent sites

labrador current

The Labrador Current is part of the anticlockwise subpolar gyre and plays a major role in the formation of North Atlantic Deep Water. It is influenced by the West Greenland and Baffin currents supplying warmer Atlantic and cold polar waters, respectively. During the early Holocene, at the final stage of the last deglaciation, meltwater and ...Dec 23, 2023 · It is carried southward by the Labrador Current. The narrow Strait of Belle Isle, named for the small island in the center of the image, guides some of the sea ice to the Gulf of St. Lawrence (lower left). Along the way, it flows past Newfoundland, Labrador, and Belle Isle, all snow-covered in this image. Bathymetric map of the Northwest Atlantic showing the position of the North Wall of the Gulf Stream and major features of the Labrador Current, with warmer currents shown in grey …Learn about the Labrador Current, a cold ocean current in the North Atlantic that flows from the Arctic Ocean to the Gulf Stream. Find out its features, impact, and MCQs for the …LABRADOR ICEBERG'S COLD CURRENTThe Labrador Current is a cold current in the North Atlantic Ocean which flows from the Arctic Ocean south along the coast of ...Nov 15, 2022 ... The freshwater transport (FWT) by the Labrador Current (LC) around the Grand Banks of Newfoundland (GBN) is diagnosed with the 26-year ...May 8, 2018 · Labrador Current. Labrador Current An oceanic current that brings cold Arctic waters southwards into the North Atlantic along the western margin of Greenland. Frequently it carries icebergs southwards, concentrating them in the area to the east of the Grand Banks in late spring to early summer. Fog banks often occur off the coast of ... mean boundary currents (West Greenland and Labrador Currents) and with the ... barotropic Labrador Current by Lazier and Wright (1993) farther north off ...Jun 28, 2023 · The Labrador Current supplies cold, oxygen rich waters The Labrador Current is a cold water current in the North Atlantic Ocean that flows south along the coast of Newfoundland and Labrador, continuing partially along the east coast of Nova Scotia and partially turning eastward towards Europe. Labrador Current (Geography) A cold current flowing south from the southwest coast of Greenland to the northeastern coast of North America. With thick fogs and icebergs floating down from Greenland as the heat rises in spring, sailing in these seas can be dangerous.1. Introduction. Direct interaction between the equatorward flowing Labrador Current (LC) carrying cold and freshwater and northeastward flowing North Atlantic Current (NAC) bringing warm and salty water (Fratantoni and McCartney, 2010; Zantopp et al., 2017) brought drastic seasonal changes on the SE Grand Banks.LC mainly brings Arctic …The Labrador Sea is a crucial source for the redistribution of nutrients to the western North Atlantic, through deep mixing and horizontal circulation. In particular, the Labrador Current has been identified as an important conveyor of nutrients into the North Atlantic (Torres-Valdes et al., 2013).... Current and the narrow boundary current that develops south of the Denmark ... A team of scientists from the GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research in Kiel, ...The Labrador Retriever is an exuberant, very energetic breed that needs lots of exercise every day. A Lab who doesn't get enough exercise is likely to engage in hyperactive and/or destructive ...Abstract Analyses of CTD and current meter data obtained between 1978 and 1988 off southern Labrador reveal two distinct regimes in the Labrador Current. The first lies over the shelf and upper slope and is the traditional Labrador Current transporting cold low-salinity water south from Baffin Bay and Hudson Strait. The main branch of this flow, …The Labrador Current, which originates in Davis Strait, is a mix of the West Greenland Current, the Baffin Island Current, and Hudson Bay inflow. The Labrador Current moves icebergs from Greenland's glaciers southward into the trans-Atlantic shipping channels in the spring and early summer. The current waters cool the Canadian Atlantic ...The role of Labrador Current (LC) in providing freshwater to the North Atlantic and hence modulating the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) has been debated with very few data. This study provides the first data on the relative speed of the LC for the past 9.2 ka using mean size of the sortable silt of sediments as a proxy …Information, photos and AIS vessel tracker for the Ship LABRADOR CURRENT (IMO 5384097)Labradors 6 months and older should eat two cups of food twice a day, according to Labrador Net. The amount of food and frequency of feedings depends on the age of the dog. For exa...Nov 15, 2022 ... The freshwater transport (FWT) by the Labrador Current (LC) around the Grand Banks of Newfoundland (GBN) is diagnosed with the 26-year ...The Gulf Stream is a powerful, warm, and swift Atlantic Ocean current that originates at the tip of Florida, and follows the eastern coastlines of the United States and Newfoundland before crossing the Atlantic Ocean (Figure 4.20).The Gulf Stream proper is a western-intensified current, largely driven by wind stress (Wunsch, 2002).The Gulf ….

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