This study examined the manners of audiovisual speech perception, using the “McGurk effect”, when the speakers were foreigners. The McGurk effect dem-.The McGurk effect first reported by McGurk and McDonald (1976) is used to examine multisensory integration in speech. In its “fusion” component, the illusion emerges when a participant is presented with an auditory bilabial (eg/pa/) …Studies of the McGurk effect demonstrate that observers integrate auditory information with visual information from a talker's face during speech perception ...The McGurk Effect ought to have significant implications for understanding how audiovisual culture works. Aspects of sound and image merge. Musicians and music …The McGurk effect occurs when there is a conflict between visual speech, meaning the movements of someone's mouth and lips, and auditory speech, which are the sounds a person hears.And it can result in the perception of an entirely different message. Now, in a new study, neuroscientists at the Baylor College of Medicine in Houston …The McGurk effect is an illusion that demonstrates the importance of the visual modality for speech perception: Pairing an auditory syllable with an incongruent visual syllable produces the percept of a third syllable, different from both the auditory and visual syllables (McGurk & MacDonald, 1976). Seeing Voices: The McGurk Effect. Speech perception is generally considered an auditory process. However, most speech perception occurs in the presence of ...Jul 10, 2014 · In general, the strength of the McGurk effect is taken to increase when the proportion of responses according to the acoustic component decreases and/or when the proportion of fusion responses increases. That is, the McGurk effect for stimulus A[b]V[g] is considered stronger when fewer B responses and/or more D responses are given. A McGurk experiment was administered at the beginning and after a month of mandatory face-mask wearing (enforced in Czechia during the 2020 pandemic). Responses to audio-visually incongruent stimuli were analyzed from 292 persons (ages 16-55), representing a cross-sectional sample, and 41 students (ages 19-27), representing a longitudinal sample.The McGurk effect is a compelling illusion in which humans auditorily perceive mismatched audiovisual speech as a completely different syllable. In this study evidences are provided that professional musicians are not subject to this illusion, possibly because of their finer auditory or attentional abilities. 80 healthy age-matched graduate ...マガーク効果（マガークこうか、McGurk effect）は、言語 音声の音韻知覚において聴覚情報と視覚情報の相互作用を示す現象の1つ 。 概要 [ 編集 ] マガークとマクドナルド( McGurk & MacDonald 1976 )は、ある音韻の発話の映像と別の音韻の音声を組み合わせて視聴 ... Jan 1, 2018 · Since its discovery 40 years ago, the McGurk illusion has been usually cited as a prototypical paradigmatic case of multisensory binding in humans, and has been extensively used in speech perception studies as a proxy measure for audiovisual integration mechanisms. Despite the well-established practice of using the McGurk illusion as a tool for ... Jul 10, 2014 · What is the McGurk effect? Front Psychol. 2014 Jul 10;5:725. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00725. eCollection 2014. Author Kaisa Tiippana 1 Affiliation ... McGurk-efekti. (Ohjattu sivulta Mcgurk-efekti) McGurk-efekti on aistiharha, joka perustuu kuulo - ja näköaistin väliseen yhteyteen puheen havaitsemisessa. Aistiharha koetaan, kun visuaalinen ja auditiivinen informaatio prosessoidaan aivoissa samanaikaisesti ja tulkitaan virheellisesti. [1] McGurk-efekti koetaan todennäköisemmin, jos ... Dec 21, 2018 · The McGurk effect is a popular assay of multisensory integration in which participants report the illusory percept of “da” when presented with incongruent auditory “ba” and visual “ga ... McGurk effect, an audiovisual speech illusion that demonstrates the impact of visual cues on speech perception, particularly the identification of spoken syllables.The McGurk effect describes what happens when the brain receives conflicting visual and auditory information.Feb 28, 2017 · The McGurk effect is a multisensory illusion that occurs when visual speech and auditory speech conflict with each other. It can make you hear the wrong sound based on the movement of someone's lips. Learn how neuroscientists developed a model to predict when this effect occurs and why it may have applications for speech recognition and cochlear implants. The McGurk effect is a popular assay of multisensory integration in which participants report the illusory percept of “da” when presented with incongruent auditory “ba” and visual “ga ...5-month-old English-exposed infants were tested for the McGurk effect and results suggest that the infants were visually influenced in the same way as ...The McGurk effect is a well-known speech-perception illusion that exemplifies the role of both auditory and visual cues during speech comprehension. McGurk and McDonald demonstrated that upon viewing clips of a speaking woman whose articulators moved for a [ga] syllable, but with the soundtrack containing a time-aligned …The McGurk effect is a perceptual phenomenon that demonstrates an interaction between hearing and vision in speech perception.The illusion occurs when the auditory component of one sound is paired with the visual component of another sound, leading to the perception of a third sound. The visual information a person gets from seeing a person speak changes …Visual speech cues play an important role in speech recognition, and the McGurk effect is a classic demonstration of this. In the original McGurk & Macdonald (Nature 264, 746-748 1976) experiment, 98% of participants reported an illusory "fusion" percept of /d/ when listening to the spoken syllable /b/ and watching the visual speech movements for /g/.Subscribe and 🔔 to the BBC 👉 https://bit.ly/BBCYouTubeSubWatch the BBC first on iPlayer 👉 https://bbc.in/iPlayer-Home Try The McGurk Effect! The McGurk e...We show that exposure to incongruent audiovisual speech (producing the well-known McGurk effect) can recalibrate auditory speech identification. In Experiment 1, exposure to an ambiguous sound intermediate between /aba/ and /ada/ dubbed onto a video of a face articulating either /aba/ or /ada/ increased the proportion of /aba/ or /ada ...The McGurk effect is seemingly contingent on an individual possessing requisite acuity of both visual and auditory processing. Inter-subject variation in sight and/or hearing capacity may underlie the differing susceptibility to illusory perception exhibited between healthy individuals; although this remains a speculative interpretation in the ...マガーク効果（マガークこうか、McGurk effect）は、言語 音声の音韻知覚において聴覚情報と視覚情報の相互作用を示す現象の1つ 。 概要 [ 編集 ] マガークとマクドナルド( McGurk & MacDonald 1976 )は、ある音韻の発話の映像と別の音韻の音声を組み合わせて視聴 ... The McGurk effect is a perceptual phenomenon which demonstrates an interaction between hearing and vision in speech perception.It suggests that speech perception is multimodal, that is, that it involves information from more than one sensory modality.The McGurk effect is sometimes called the McGurk-MacDonald effect.It was first described …McGurk Effect by Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Typically Developing Controls: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis J Autism Dev Disord . 2019 Jan;49(1):34-43. doi: 10.1007/s10803-018-3680-0.Jul 10, 2014 · The McGurk effect was weaker in the latter condition, indicating that visual attention modulated audiovisual speech perception. This modulation may occur at an early, unisensory processing stage ... Nov 8, 2022 · The McGurk Effect, Hearing With Your Eyes. 4 minutes. Sometimes, when you can't hear a person clearly, you look at their mouth. However, when you try to "hear with your eyes" and read from their lips, you often make small mistakes. This is called the McGurk effect. You’ve undoubtedly seen badly dubbed movies where you try and read the actors ... The McGurk effect is an illusion in which visible articulations alter the perception of auditory speech (e.g., video ‘da’ dubbed with audio ‘ba’ may be heard as …A common measure of multisensory integration is the McGurk effect, an illusion in which incongruent auditory and visual speech are integrated to produce an entirely different percept. Published studies report that participants who differ in age, gender, culture, native language, or traits related to neurological or psychiatric disorders also differ in …Jul 25, 2016 · The McGurk effect is a compelling illusion in which humans auditorily perceive mismatched audiovisual speech as a completely different syllable. In this study evidences are provided that professional musicians are not subject to this illusion, possibly because of their finer auditory or attentional abilities. 80 healthy age-matched graduate ... The McGurk effect is a compelling illusion in which humans auditorily perceive mismatched audiovisual speech as a completely different syllable. In this study evidences are provided that ...Of late it has been claimed that the McGurk effect is a single percept where there is a change in auditory perception due to the presence of an incongruent visual stimuli [2,4] and it has been adopted by several studies [8,23]. Thus, any responses other than the auditory counterpart were considered as McGurk responses for the incongruent condition.The McGurk effect in infants. Percept Psychophys1997 Apr;59 (3):347-57. doi: 10.3758/bf03211902. In the McGurk effect, perceptual identification of auditory speech syllables is influenced by simultaneous presentation of discrepant visible speech syllables. This effect has been found in subjects of different ages and with various native language ...The McGurk effect (McGurk and MacDonald, 1976) that occurs when audition and vision provide incongruent tokens illustrates AV integration. For example, when presented with visual velar /ka/ and auditory bilabial /pa/, normally hearing individuals tend to report the illusory fusion alveo-dental /ta/.A McGurk experiment was administered at the beginning and after a month of mandatory face-mask wearing (enforced in Czechia during the 2020 pandemic). Responses to audio-visually incongruent stimuli were analyzed from 292 persons (ages 16-55), representing a cross-sectional sample, and 41 students (ages 19-27), representing a longitudinal sample.McGurk Effect. In 1993 ITS proposed an audio/video quality of service testing framework in a standards contribution. To support that contribution, ITS produced a McGurk Effect demonstration video. The video demonstrates how the eyes and ears work together to understand speech.Introduction. A textbook example of how both the auditory and visual modalities are important for speech perception is the McGurk effect, in which an auditory syllable (phoneme) is perceived very differently depending on whether it is accompanied by a visual movie of a speaker pronouncing the same syllable or a different, incongruent …The McGurk effect demonstrates that the perceptual system combines the place information from the two different modalities and derives a place value that reflects the two inputs. Although models of speech perception are now incorporating a greater role from visual cues (see Massaro, 1987), exactly how auditory and visual integration is ...Abstract. The “McGurk effect” is a robust illusion in which subject's perception of an acoustical syllable is modified by the view of the talker's articulation.In the McGurk effect, pairing incongruent auditory and visual syllables produces a percept different from the component syllables. Although it is a popular assay of audiovisual speech integration, little is known about the distribution of responses to the McGurk effect in the population. In our first experiment, we measured McGurk …Es ist immer wieder verblüffend, wie sich unser Gehirn täuschen lässt! Es gibt nicht nur die bekannten optische Täschungen, sondern auch eine akustische Täus...The current paper assessed the effects of manipulating the clarity of the heard and seen signal upon the McGurk effect in children aged 3-6 (n = 29), 7-9 (n = 32) and 10-12 (n = 29) years, and ...One tool that has been used frequently to measure multisensory integration of audiovisual speech in children with autism is the McGurk effect (see Zhang et al., 2019 for a review), wherein incongruent multisensory speech (e.g., concurrent presentation of an auditory “ba” and visual “ga”) often leads to the perception of a fused percept (i.e., "da" or …The McGurk effect is a classic demonstration of the role of visual cues in speech perception, but it is not a robust illusion for all participants and tasks. This …McGurk Effect by Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Typically Developing Controls: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis J Autism Dev Disord . 2019 Jan;49(1):34-43. doi: 10.1007/s10803-018-3680-0.The McGurk effect has also been used as a sensitive assay of individual differences in audiovisual integration. Although it is generally appreciated that the ability …Exploring the “McGurk effect”. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 74, S66 (1983) McGurk discovered that when a videotape of a talker is dubbed with similar but mismatched utterances, the optic information exerts a strong influence on the speech that is perceived, often without the observer's awareness. In several studies, we explored further the …Since its discovery 40 years ago, the McGurk illusion has been usually cited as a prototypical paradigmatic case of multisensory binding in humans, and has been extensively used in speech perception studies as a proxy measure for audiovisual integration mechanisms. Despite the well-established practice of using the McGurk …The McGurk effect is a perceptual phenomenon that demonstrates an interaction between hearing and vision in speech perception.The illusion occurs when the auditory component of one sound is paired with the visual component of another sound, leading to the perception of a third sound. [1] The visual information a person gets from …The McGurk effect was weaker in the latter condition, indicating that visual attention modulated audiovisual speech perception. This modulation may occur at an early, unisensory processing stage ...Jan 1, 2023 · The McGurk Effect ought to have significant implications for understanding how audiovisual culture works. Aspects of sound and image merge. Musicians and music video makers have been aware of this on an instinctive level for decades—that a poor song can be enhanced by adding impressive images, while filmmakers have understood that good music might help prop up an unengaging film. By using this effect, it has been found that the extent of visual information use, i.e., the size of the McGurk effect varies among different populations (see Schwartz, 2010, for a review). For example, people with cochlear implants show a larger McGurk effect than people with normal hearing (Schorr et al., 2005; Rouger et al., 2008). This ...For example, the dramatic McGurk effect (McGurk & MacDonald, 1976) involves interactions between visual and auditory processes: An observer views a speaker mouthing “ga” while presented with ...May 17, 2018 ... The McGurk Effect, named for Harry McGurk, is another example of auditory illusion. Here's how the McGurk Effect works and why it happens.マガーク効果（マガークこうか、McGurk effect）は、言語 音声の音韻知覚において聴覚情報と視覚情報の相互作用を示す現象の1つ 。 概要 [ 編集 ] マガークとマクドナルド( McGurk & MacDonald 1976 )は、ある音韻の発話の映像と別の音韻の音声を組み合わせて視聴 ... The McGurk effect is a well-known illustration that demonstrates the influence of visual information on hearing in the context of speech perception. Some studies have reported that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) display abnormal processing of audio-visual speech integration, while other studies showed contradictory …McGurk effect when the formant transitions are low-pass filtered. Other researchers have manipulated characteristics of the visual signal to determine how they affect perception. Temporal gating of the visual stimulus was found to decrease the McGurk effect in direct proportion to the amount of stimulus removed (Munhall and Tokhura, 1998).The McGurk effect is a perceptual phenomenon that demonstrates an interaction between hearing and vision in speech perception. The illusion occurs when the auditory component of one sound is paired with the visual component of another sound, leading to the perception of a third sound. [1] The McGurk effect is all about your perception. It is a perceptual phenomenon. If you divide the speech into two (just for better understanding), there are …In many cases, all four words turned out to sound exactly alike when listened to "blindfolded" – e.g. all of them might sound like bat! This again recalls a ...The McGurk effect is a classic audiovisual speech illusion in which discrepant auditory and visual syllables can lead to a fused percept (e.g., an auditory /bɑ/ paired with a visual /gɑ/ often leads to the perception of /dɑ/). The McGurk effect is robust and easily replicated in pooled group data, but there is tremendous variability in the …McGurk effect when the formant transitions are low-pass filtered. Other researchers have manipulated characteristics of the visual signal to determine how they affect perception. Temporal gating of the visual stimulus was found to decrease the McGurk effect in direct proportion to the amount of stimulus removed (Munhall and Tokhura, 1998).Jun 5, 2023 ... The McGurk effect is a psychoacoustic effect that occurs when the auditory component of speech conflicts with the visual component. This leads ...The McGurk effect has been investigated in children and adults with normal hearing but less often among children and adults with learning disabilities (LD) . The question that arises is whether young adults with LD attending higher education could integrate auditory and visual information for speech perception in an online classroom …Apr 21, 2021 · Visual speech cues play an important role in speech recognition, and the McGurk effect is a classic demonstration of this. In the original McGurk & Macdonald (Nature 264, 746–748 1976) experiment, 98% of participants reported an illusory “fusion” percept of /d/ when listening to the spoken syllable /b/ and watching the visual speech movements for /g/. However, more recent work shows that ... The McGurk effect is an illusion whereby speech sounds are often mis-categorized when the auditory cues in the stimulus conflict with the visual cues from the speaker's face. A recent study claims that ‘skilled musicians are not subject to’ this effect. It is not clear, however, if this is intended to mean that skilled musicians do not ...The McGurk effect is a multisensory illusion that occurs when visual speech and auditory speech conflict with each other. It …The McGurk effect is all about your perception. It is a perceptual phenomenon. If you divide the speech into two (just for better understanding), there are two parts, visual and auditory. Visual speech can be the lip and mouth movement and auditory is the words and sounds that our lips and mouth produce. What happens in the McGurk …The McGurk effect is a textbook illustration of the automaticity with which the human brain integrates audio-visual speech. It shows that even incongruent audiovisual (AV) speech stimuli can be combined into percepts that correspond neither to the auditory nor to the visual input, but to a mix of both. Typically, when presented with, e.g ...McGurk-efekti on aistiharha, joka perustuu kuulo- ja näköaistin väliseen yhteyteen puheen havaitsemisessa. Aistiharha koetaan, kun visuaalinen ja auditiivinen informaatio prosessoidaan aivoissa samanaikaisesti ja tulkitaan virheellisesti. McGurk-efekti koetaan todennäköisemmin, jos henkilö saa samanaikaisesti heikosti aistittavaa …First, the McGurk effect should be defined as a categorical change in auditory perception induced by incongruent visual speech, resulting in a single percept of hearing something other than what the voice is saying. Second, when interpreting the McGurk effect, it is crucial to take into account the perception of the unisensory acoustic and ...Aug 13, 2023 · In the McGurk effect, perception of a spoken consonant is altered when an auditory (A) syllable is presented with an incongruent visual (V) syllable (e.g., A/pa/V/ka/ is often heard as /ka/ or /ta/). The McGurk effect provides a measure for visual influence on speech perception, becoming stronger the lower the proportion of auditory correct responses. Cross-language effects are studied to ... The McGurk effect describes what happens when the brain receives conflicting visual and auditory information.This film was made by Mark Mitton and Josh Aviner, with help from Susanna Mitton.The film demonstrates the McGurk Effect -- or how seeing influences hearing....In such experiment, four main perceptual effects are obtained: The fusion effect or McGurk effect (McGurk & MacDonald, 1976) is said to have occurred when, for example, a video /gA/ and an acoustic /bA/ stimulus are presented together, and perceivers report hearing /dA/, a different syllable. That is, the perceptual response is different from ...stick with your belief despite evidence to the contrary. McGurk Effect. Illustrates that although auditory information is the major source of information for speech perception, visual information can also exert a strong influence on what we hear (audio-visual speech perception). See ga-ga, hear ba-ba, perceive da-da. balanced bilingualism.Figure 1: The McGurk effect happens when there is a mismatch between a phoneme that is articulated in a visual presentation and different phoneme is played simultaneously through speakers. With phonemes that share certain articulation properties, the result heard may not match either of the mismatching stimuli. The McGurk effect first reported by McGurk and McDonald (1976) is used to examine multisensory integration in speech. In its “fusion” component, the illusion emerges when a participant is presented with an auditory bilabial (eg/pa/) …The McGurk effect. Also known as the McGurk-MacDonald effect, this perceptual phenomenon occurs when a spoken syllable is paired with a different but similar lip movement. A listener will hear one syllable with their eyes closed, and another syllable as they watch a speaker’s lips. In most classic McGurk experiments, the syllable in question ...McGurk effect - Auditory Illusion - BBC Horizon Clip sixesfullofnines 16.4K subscribers Subscribe Subscribed 3.7K 488K views 7 years ago http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/artic......Visual speech cues play an important role in speech recognition, and the McGurk effect is a classic demonstration of this. In the original McGurk & Macdonald (Nature 264, 746-748 1976) experiment, 98% of participants reported an illusory "fusion" percept of /d/ when listening to the spoken syllable /b/ and watching the visual speech movements for /g/.The McGurk effect occurs when there is a conflict between visual speech, meaning the movements of someone's mouth and lips, and auditory speech, which are the sounds a person hears.And it can result in the perception of an entirely different message. Now, in a new study, neuroscientists at the Baylor College of Medicine in Houston …The illusion was first described experimentally by McGurk and MacDonald in 1976 and is commonly known as the McGurk effect. The McGurk effect has become a staple of classroom demonstrations and television documentaries because it is both simple and powerful—simply closing and opening one’s eyes completely changes the speech …Visual speech cues play an important role in speech recognition, and the McGurk effect is a classic demonstration of this. In the original McGurk & Macdonald (Nature 264, 746-748 1976) experiment, 98% of participants reported an illusory "fusion" percept of /d/ when listening to the spoken syllable /b/ and watching the visual speech movements for /g/.This is evidenced in illusions such as the McGurk effect, in which a seen mouth movement changes the perceived sound. The current paper assessed the effects of manipulating the clarity of the heard and seen signal upon the McGurk effect in children aged 3–6 (n = 29), 7–9 (n = 32) and 10–12 (n = 29) years, and adults aged 20–35 years …In the McGurk effect, perceptual identification of auditory speech syllables is influenced by simultaneous presentation of discrepant visible speech syllab.Feb 16, 2017 · The McGurk effect has become a staple of classroom demonstrations and television documentaries because it is both simple and powerful—simply closing and opening one’s eyes completely changes the speech percept—and is also an important tool for research, with over 3,000 citations to the original paper in the last ten years.
In such experiment, four main perceptual effects are obtained: The fusion effect or McGurk effect (McGurk & MacDonald, 1976) is said to have occurred when, for example, a video /gA/ and an acoustic /bA/ stimulus are presented together, and perceivers report hearing /dA/, a different syllable. That is, the perceptual response is different from .... Mp3 downloader for pc
In the McGurk effect, pairing incongruent auditory and visual syllables produces a percept different from the component syllables. Although it is a popular assay of audiovisual speech integration, little is known about the distribution of responses to the McGurk effect in the population. In our first experiment, we measured McGurk …Apr 1, 2021 · The McGurk illusion occurs when listeners hear an illusory percept (i.e., “da”), resulting from mismatched pairings of audiovisual (AV) speech stimuli (i.e., auditory/ba/paired with visual/ga/). Hearing a third percept—distinct from both the auditory and visual input—has been used as evidence of AV fusion. We examined whether the McGurk illusion is instead driven by visual dominance ... Mar 6, 2008 · Is he saying "ba ba" or "da da"? It's called the McGurk Effect. John Medina is the author of "Brain Rules." Visit http://www.brainrules.net/ The McGurk effect represents a perceptual illusion resulting from the integration of an auditory syllable dubbed onto an incongruous visual syllable. The involuntary and impenetrable nature of the ...Subscribe and 🔔 to the BBC 👉 https://bit.ly/BBCYouTubeSubWatch the BBC first on iPlayer 👉 https://bbc.in/iPlayer-Home Try The McGurk Effect! The McGurk e...The McGurk effect is an illusion in which visible articulations alter the perception of auditory speech (e.g., video ‘da’ dubbed with audio ‘ba’ may be heard as …Top U.S., Israeli and Egyptian intelligence officials, as well as the prime minister of Qatar, are expected to attend the negotiations, which are aimed at securing …Feb 28, 2017 ... The McGurk effect occurs when there is a conflict between visual speech, meaning the movements of someone's mouth and lips, and auditory speech, ...Mar 6, 2008 · Is he saying "ba ba" or "da da"? It's called the McGurk Effect. John Medina is the author of "Brain Rules." Visit http://www.brainrules.net/ First, the McGurk effect should be defined as a categorical change in auditory perception induced by incongruent visual speech, resulting in a single percept of hearing something other than what the voice is saying. Second, when interpreting the McGurk effect, it is crucial to take into account the perception of the unisensory acoustic and ...The McGurk effect is an illusion whereby speech sounds are often mis-categorized when the auditory cues in the stimulus conflict with the visual cues from the speaker's face. A recent study claims that ‘skilled musicians are not subject to’ this effect. It is not clear, however, if this is intended to mean that skilled musicians do not ...Jun 5, 2023 ... The McGurk effect is a psychoacoustic effect that occurs when the auditory component of speech conflicts with the visual component. This leads ...SPEAKER 1: Baa. SPEAKER 2: This is called the McGurk effect. It's an illusion that shows how visual cues can have an impact on our perception of speech. In these clips, the speaker is only saying baa. SPEAKER 1: Baa. SPEAKER 2: But when you see his mouth make the sound, fa, you hear that instead, even though the sound he's making hasn't changed ...The McGurk Effect plays a part in how we lip read and also explains why we tend toward the aforementioned "baby talk" with young children across cultures. Those just learning to speak rely just as much on what they see with their eyes to extrapolate meaning — a caretaker's over-exaggerated happy expression, for example — than they take in ...Jun 5, 2023 · The McGurk effect shows the integration of auditory and visual information in speech perception and emphasizes the complex nature of how speech is perceived and interpreted. It shows that the human brain relies on multiple sensory inputs, such as visual cues and mouth movements, as well as auditory cues to construct the perception. Jul 26, 2017 · this video covers THE MCGURK EFFECT, a strange phenomenon that occurs when we experience conflicting visual and auditory information. we'll cover the origina... Temporal constraints on the McGurk effect. Percept Psychophys1996 Apr;58 (3):351-62. doi: 10.3758/bf03206811. Three experiments are reported on the influence of different timing relations on the McGurk effect. In the first experiment, it is shown that strict temporal synchrony between auditory and visual speech stimuli is not required for the ....