Jul 25, 2022 · 3.6: Molecular Compounds- Formulas and Names is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts. Molecular compounds can form compounds with different ratios of their elements, so prefixes are used to specify the numbers of atoms of each element in a molecule of the compound. Examples include …. Jul 30, 2021 · 3.1 Molecular and Ionic Compounds (Video) 3.2 Molecular Formulas (Video) 3.4 Molar Masses of Compounds (Video) 3.5 Percent Composition (Video) 3.6 Determining the Mass of a Specific Element in a Sample Using Percent Weight (Video) 3.7 Empirical Formulas (Video) 3.8 Determining Empirical and Molecular Formulas from Percent Composition (Video) This service allows to retrieve information for a specific molecular formula. The molecular formula may include groups, charges, etc. The service can be accessed from Ajax and the server will return a JSON. Implementation. You may implement our tools for free on your server at the condition that you provide a link to “https://www.chemcalc.org”.The key to calculating the formula mass of an ionic compound is to correctly count each atom in the formula and multiply the atomic masses of its atoms accordingly. Example 5.11.1 5.11. 1. Use the atomic masses (rounded to two decimal places) to determine the formula mass for each ionic compound. FeCl 3.Step 3: The third, and final step, is to use the molarity formula and divide the number of moles of solute by the number liters of the solution to obtain the concentration in moles per liter. If we take the two values from the …Sum the masses to find the molecular mass or formula mass. molecular mass = 342.3 amu: formula mass = 164.10 amu: Explanation. It is called a molecular mass since C 12 H 22 O 11 is a molecular compound. It is called a formula mass since Ca(NO 3) 2 is an ionic compound. Interpretation. One molecule of C 12 H 22 O 11 has a mass of …The molecular formula of galactose is C 6 H 12 O 6. Galactose is a monosaccharide and epimer of glucose. The property values of hydrogen bond donor and hydrogen bond acceptor are 5 and 6 respectively. Structure Of Galactose. Galactose can exist in open-chain as well as cyclic form. The chain form of galactose has a similar pattern like glucose.This value indicates that the molecular formula is three times larger than the empirical formula. We can multiply the subscripts in the empirical formula by the ...The molecular formula of C8H18 may apply to several alkanes, each one of which has unique chemical, physical and toxicological properties. These different compounds are designated by structural formulas showing the order …Jul 25, 2022 · 3.6: Molecular Compounds- Formulas and Names is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts. Molecular compounds can form compounds with different ratios of their elements, so prefixes are used to specify the numbers of atoms of each element in a molecule of the compound. Examples include …. A molecular formula is a chemical formula of a molecular compound that shows the kinds and numbers of atoms present in a molecule of the compound. …Molar Mass (Molecular Weight) - The term mole also referred to as mol was first used by Ostwald in 1896. The mass in g of 1 mole of a substance is known as the molar mass or molecular weight of the substance. The molar mass of any substance can be calculated whose chemical formula is given.To determine a compound's molecular formula, divide its molecular mass by the mass of the empirical formula and multiply the empirical formula by that ...A study of abdominal pain and severity of other side effects attributed to Picolax, a combination of citric acid, magnesium oxide and sodium picosulfate, was conducted among 267 patients, 55 of whom had inflammatory bowel disease, all of whom were given a full single dose of Picolax as preparation for radiology or endoscopy. The frequency of …The formula for ethyl alcohol or ethanol is C 2 H 5 OH or CH 3 CH 2 OH. Ethanol is a compound of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen elements was described by Antoine Lavoisier and its chemical formula was determined by Nicolas-Theodore de Saussure in 1808. Five years later, Archibald Scott Couper published the structural formula of ethanol.The molecular geometry of ClO2 is a bent or V-shape, according to Bristol ChemLabS. ClO2 is the molecular formula for chlorine dioxide. It is a yellowish-green gas that crystallize...A molecular formula is an expression of the number and type of atoms that are present in a single molecule of a substance. It represents the actual formula of a …The dietary laws that forbid Jews and Muslims from eating pork date back millennia—but when they were laid down, nobody conceived of detection tools that could find minuscule trace...To find the multiple, divide the molar mass of the compound by the molar mass of the empirical formula: 56g/mol ÷ 14g/mol = 4. This means the molecular formula ...Solved Examples for Molecular Formula. Q 1] The empirical formula of a compound of boron and hydrogen is BH 3. Its molar mass is 27.7g/mol. Determine the molecular formula of the compound. Solution: First of all, …Molecular Formulas: The empirical formula represents the lowest whole number ratio of the elements in a molecule while the molecular formula represents the actual formula of the molecule.Both Benzene (C 6 H 6, molar mass = 78.12g/mol) and acetylene (C 2 H 2, molar mass = 26.04g/mol) have the same percent composition (92.24 mass% carbon and …The molecular formula is then obtained by multiplying each subscript in the empirical formula by n, as shown by the generic empirical formula A x B y: \[\mathrm{(A_xB_y)_n=A_{nx}B_{nx}}\] For example, consider a covalent compound whose empirical formula is determined to be CH 2 O.In this video we'll write the correct formula for Phosphoric acid.To write the formula for Phosphoric acid we’ll use the Periodic Table, a Common Ion Table, ...The utilization of whole-blood gene expression studies has surfaced as a potentially effective method for exploring the molecular mechanisms implicated in …The formula weight of a substance is the sum of the atomic weights of each atom in its chemical formula. For example, water (H 2 O) has a formula weight of: 2 × (1.0079 amu) + 1 × (15.9994 amu) = 18.01528 amu 2 × ( 1.0079 a m u) + 1 × ( 15.9994 a m u) = 18.01528 a m u. If a substance exists as discrete molecules (as with atoms that are ... 10 Jan 2023 ... The molecular formula shows the actual number of atoms of each type of element in a molecule. For example, for ethane: Molecular formula = C2H6.Dec 28, 2022 · The chemical formula for a compound obtained by composition analysis is always the empirical formula. We can obtain the chemical formula from the empirical formula if we know the molecular weight of the compound. The chemical formula will always be some integer multiple of the empirical formula (i.e. integer multiples of the subscripts of the ... The chemical formula of hydrochloric acid = HCl. The chemical formula for Water = H2O. The molecular weight of HCl = 35.5 ×1 + 1×1 = 36.5 moles/gram. The molecular weight of H2O = 1 ×2 + 16 ×1 = 18 moles/gram. Given, mass of hydrochloric acid in the solution = 1.56 g. The number of moles of hydrochloric acid =.May 20, 2018 · The molecular formula of methane is \(\ce{CH_4}\) and because it contains only one carbon atom, that is also its empirical formula. Sometimes, however, the molecular formula is a simple whole number multiple of the empirical formula. Acetic acid is an organic acid that is the main component of vinegar. Its molecular formula is \(\ce{C_2H_4O_2}\). The empirical formula is CH. ... The molecular formula is (CH)6 = C6H6. ... 8. Assume 100.0 g; the percentages of the elements are then the same as their mass in ...Functional group isomerism. In this variety of structural isomerism, the isomers contain different functional groups - that is, they belong to different families of compounds (different homologous series). Example 3: Isomers in C 3 H 6 O. A molecular formula C3H6O C 3 H 6 O could be either propanal (an aldehyde) or propanone (a ketone).Step 1: Multiply the molecular weight with the given component percentage. Step 2: Divide each value obtained by the atomic weight of that atom. Step 3: Round off the obtained values to the closest whole number. Finally, write the molecular formula. Example: A compound is composed of 82.78% nitrogen and 17.22% hydrogen.Its molecular formula is [A] N2H4O2 [B] N2H2O2 [C] not calculable [D] NH2O 18. A compound has a molar mass of 86 g/mol and has the percent composition (by mass) of 55.8% C, 37.2% O, and 7.0% H. Determine the empirical formula and the molecular formula. 19. A compound has a molar mass of 100 g/mol and the percent composition …Methanol. Molecular Formula CHO. Average mass 32.042 Da. Monoisotopic mass 32.026215 Da. ChemSpider ID 864.Find the simplest ("empirical") formula of a substance from a more complex molecular formula. Explain the meaning of the formula of an ionic solid such as NaCl. …If you're starting to shop around for student loans, you may want a general picture of how much you're going to pay. If you're refinancing existing debt, you may want a tool to com...Kekulé Formula. A structural formula displays the atoms of the molecule in the order they are bonded. It also depicts how the atoms are bonded to one another, for example single, double, and triple covalent bond. Covalent bonds are shown using lines. The number of dashes indicate whether the bond is a single, double, or triple covalent bond.You can work out the molecular formula from the empirical formula, if you know the relative mass formula (M r) of the compound. Add up the atomic masses of the atoms in the empirical formula. The ... Nov 3, 2019 · The molecular formula for glucose is C 6 H 12 O 6 or H- (C=O)- (CHOH) 5 -H. Its empirical or simplest formula is CH 2 O, which indicates there are two hydrogen atoms for each carbon and oxygen atom in the molecule. Glucose is the sugar that is produced by plants during photosynthesis and that circulates in the blood of people and other animals ... Molecular Formulas. Molecular formulas give the kind and number of atoms of each element present in a molecular compound. In many cases, the molecular formula is the same as the empirical formula. The molecular formula of methane is \(\ce{CH_4}\) and …Sep 20, 2022 · A molecule is comprised of two or more atoms that have been chemically combined. A molecular formula is a chemical formula of a molecular compound that shows the kinds and numbers of atoms present in a molecule of the compound. Ammonia is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen as shown below: Figure 7.1.2 7.1. 2: The molecular formula for ammonia. Despite extensive experimental and theoretical studies on the kinetics of the O(3P) + C7H8 (toluene) reaction and a pioneering crossed molecular beam (CMB) …David Park. 4 years ago. First, you can calculate the molar mass of FeCl2 by adding the molar masses of Fe (55.845 g/mol) and 2 atoms of Cl (2 times (35.446 g/mol). This gives a molar mass of 126.737 g/mol. Since each mole is 126.737 grams, you multiply 3.5 mols by 126.737 grams, giving you 443.58 grams.The molecular formula of a compound is represented by elemental symbols and their ratios. Thus, it is very important to know how to find the molecular formula of a compound in order to know the elements present in a compound and their amounts. Key Terms: Atomic Mass, Carbon, Empirical Formula, Hydrogen, Molar Mass, Molecular …For example, the molecular formula of butene, C4H8, shows that each freely existing molecule of butene contains four atoms of carbon and eight atoms of hydrogen ...Glycerol Chemical Formula. Glycerol has 3 carbon atoms, 8 hydrogen atoms, and 3 oxygen atoms. It has a molecular weight of 92.09 g/mol and its IUPAC name is 1, 2, 3- Propanetriol or 1, 2, 3- Trihydroxypropane. The chemical and molecular formula for glycerol (glycerine) is given as-. Chemical Formula of Glycerol.PubChem is the world's largest collection of freely accessible chemical information. Search chemicals by name, molecular formula, structure, and other identifiers. Find chemical and physical properties, biological activities, safety and toxicity information, patents, literature citations and more. We are constantly adding new data and working ...The molecular geometry of ClO2 is a bent or V-shape, according to Bristol ChemLabS. ClO2 is the molecular formula for chlorine dioxide. It is a yellowish-green gas that crystallize...Jan 3, 2020 · The molecular formula for glucose is C 6 H 12 O 6 or H- (C=O)- (CHOH) 5 -H. Its empirical or simplest formula is CH 2 O, which indicates there are two hydrogen atoms for each carbon and oxygen atom in the molecule. Glucose is the sugar that is produced by plants during photosynthesis and that circulates in the blood of people and other animals ... The molecular weight can be obtained from the molecular formula, data tables, or the label on the bottle containing the chemical of interest. Molar solution concentration calculator Each calculator cell shown below corresponds to a term in the formula presented above.Nov 21, 2023 · The empirical formula for a molecule is the lowest whole number ratio of atoms the molecular formula can be broken down into. For example, consider sugar, whose molecular formula is C{eq}_6 {/eq}H ... Step 1: Write the molecular formula for the molecule : XaYb. Step 2: Identify the symbols for each element present: X a Y b. Step 3: Rewrite the molecular formula as a list: X a. Y b. Step 4: Rewrite the list so that each subscript number becomes a number to multiply the symbol by: X multiplied by a.The molecular formula for urea is CH 4 N 2 O. This compound is made up of a carbonyl (C=O) group attached to two nitrogen groups (NH2). A carbonyl carbon is one that is double bonded to oxygen.Molecular formula definition: . See examples of MOLECULAR FORMULA used in a sentence.16 May 2020 ... This chemistry tutorial video is a lesson on how to determine the molecular formula if given the empirical formula and the molar mass or ...Phosphoric acid (orthophosphoric acid, monophosphoric acid or phosphoric(V) acid) is a colorless, odorless phosphorus-containing solid, and inorganic compound with the chemical formula H 3 P O 4.It is commonly encountered as an 85% aqueous solution, which is a colourless, odourless, and non-volatile syrupy liquid. It is a major industrial chemical, …Molecular and empirical formulas (video) | Khan Academy Physical Chemistry (Essentials) - Class 11 Course: Physical Chemistry (Essentials) - Class 11 > Unit 3 Lesson 2: Mole …Steps to Calculate Molecular formula of all Elements. The following steps can determine the molecule formula of a compound-. 1st Step: Calculate the empirical formula from percentage composition. 2nd Step: Calculate the Empirical Formula mass (EFM) by adding up the molar atomic masses of all atoms constituting the formula.To calculate the empirical formula, enter the composition (e.g. C=40%, H=6.67%, O=53.3%) of the compound. Enter an optional molar mass to find the molecular formula. Percentages can be entered as decimals or percentages (i.e. 50% can be entered as .50 or 50%.) To determine the molecular formula, enter the appropriate value for the molar …Human molecular formula (empirical). Range, See "Measurement Method" section. Organism, Human Homo sapiens. Reference, An encyclopedia of human thermodynamics ...Jan 22, 2019 · The empirical formula for glucose is CH 2 O. Glucose has 2 moles of hydrogen for every mole of carbon and oxygen. The formulas for water and hydrogen peroxide are: Water Molecular Formula: H 2 O. Water Empirical Formula: H 2 O. Hydrogen Peroxide Molecular Formula: H 2 O 2. Hydrogen Peroxide Empirical Formula: HO. Naming Binary Molecular Compounds. Recall that a molecular formula shows the number of atoms of each element that a molecule contains. A molecule of water contains two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, so its formula is \(\ce{H_2O}\). A molecule of octane, which is a component of gasoline, contains 8 atoms of carbon and 18 atoms of …Total Molecular Mass: 13.83 g / mol. Step 2: We divide the molar mass of the compound by the molar mass obtained from the empirical formula. The result should be rounded to the nearest integer. (27.7 g / mol) / (13.83g / mol) ≈ 2. We multiply all the subscripts of the empirical formula by the integer found in step 2.Mar 26, 2020 · 2.5: Molecular Compounds- Formulas and Names is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts. Molecular compounds can form compounds with different ratios of their elements, so prefixes are used to specify the numbers of atoms of each element in a molecule of the compound. Examples include …. Despite extensive experimental and theoretical studies on the kinetics of the O(3P) + C7H8 (toluene) reaction and a pioneering crossed molecular beam (CMB) …Ammonia is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen as shown below: Figure 6.3.1 6.3. 1: The molecular formula for ammonia. NH3. There is one atom of nitrogen and 3 atoms of hydrogen in a molecule of ammonia. Note from the example that there are some standard rules to follow in writing molecular formulas. Recruiters don't look at your resume for more than a few precious seconds, but that doesn't mean you shouldn't still carefully craft your resume to make sure you've got the best ch...Total Molecular Mass: 13.83 g / mol. Step 2: We divide the molar mass of the compound by the molar mass obtained from the empirical formula. The result should be rounded to the nearest integer. (27.7 g / mol) / (13.83g / mol) ≈ 2. We multiply all the subscripts of the empirical formula by the integer found in step 2.Human molecular formula (empirical). Range, See "Measurement Method" section. Organism, Human Homo sapiens. Reference, An encyclopedia of human thermodynamics ...This service allows to retrieve information for a specific molecular formula. The molecular formula may include groups, charges, etc. The service can be accessed from Ajax and the server will return a JSON. Implementation. You may implement our tools for free on your server at the condition that you provide a link to “https://www.chemcalc.org”.Molar concentration, also known as molarity, and can be denoted by the unit M, molar. To prepare 1 L of 0.5 M sodium chloride solution, then, as per the formula, use 29.22 g of sodium chloride (0.5 mol/L * 1L * 58.44 g/mol = 29.22 g). The mass molarity calculator tool calculates the mass of compound required to achieve a specific molar ...Ammonia is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen as shown below: Figure 6.3.1 6.3. 1: The molecular formula for ammonia. NH3. There is one atom of nitrogen and 3 atoms of hydrogen in a molecule of ammonia. Note from the example that there are some standard rules to follow in writing molecular formulas. The molecular formula is a multiple of the empirical formula. For example, the empirical formula of hexane is C 3 H 7, while its molecular formula is C 6 H 14. Both subscripts in the empirical formula …4. Divide the number of moles by the number of liters. Now that you have the number of liters, you can divide the number of moles of solute by this value in order to find the molarity of the solution. [10] Example problem: molarity = moles of solute / liters of solution = 1.2 mol CaCl 2 / 2.905 L = 0.413080895. 5.The five basic tenets of the kinetic-molecular theory are as follows: A gas is composed of molecules that are separated by average distances that are much greater than the sizes of the molecules themselves. The volume occupied by the molecules of the gas is negligible compared to the volume of the gas itself. The molecules of an ideal gas exert ...A molecular formula is a representation of a molecule that uses chemical symbols to indicate the types of atoms followed by subscripts to show the number of atoms of each type in the molecule. (A subscript is used only when more than one atom of a given type is present.) Molecular formulas are also used as abbreviations for the names of compounds. The chemical formula of hydrochloric acid = HCl. The chemical formula for Water = H2O. The molecular weight of HCl = 35.5 ×1 + 1×1 = 36.5 moles/gram. The molecular weight of H2O = 1 ×2 + 16 ×1 = 18 moles/gram. Given, mass of hydrochloric acid in the solution = 1.56 g. The number of moles of hydrochloric acid =.Browse / Science / Chemistry. Simulations - Discover a new way of learning Physics using Real World Simulations. PLIX - Play, Learn, Interact and Xplore a concept with PLIX. Chemistry is a physical science, and it is the study of the properties of and interactions between matter and energy.The chemical or molecular formula of citric acid is given below along with its extended form. Molecular or Chemical Formula of Citric Acid. C 6 H 8 O 7. Extended Formula of Citric Acid. CH 2 COOH – COHCOOH-CH 2 COOH. Citric acid has several health benefits and it improves kidney health, removes acne, etc.Kekulé Formula. A structural formula displays the atoms of the molecule in the order they are bonded. It also depicts how the atoms are bonded to one another, for example single, double, and triple covalent bond. Covalent bonds are shown using lines. The number of dashes indicate whether the bond is a single, double, or triple covalent bond.Mar 26, 2020 · 2.5: Molecular Compounds- Formulas and Names is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts. Molecular compounds can form compounds with different ratios of their elements, so prefixes are used to specify the numbers of atoms of each element in a molecule of the compound. Examples include …. How to convert a molecular formula to its empirical formula: Let’s start with a compound, for example ethyl acetate: C 4 H 8 O 2. Find the greatest common factor (GCF) between the number of each atom. In this case, the GCF between 2, 4, and 8 is 2, meaning 2 is the n-value. Divide the number of each atom by the greatest common factor (AKA the ... Here the empirical formula to molecular formula calculator also helps you to determine the accurate substance formula by using the same relation as mentioned above. Variables Involved: By having a look of the formula, you will notice that two variables are used in it which are as follows:What is Polystyrene? (C 8 H 8) n is a synthetic aromatic hydrocarbon polymer with the chemical name Polystyrene.. Polystyrene is a hard, brilliantly transparent, stiff resin. It is produced by the polymerization of styrene and is the most widely used plastic. At room temperature, the thermoplastic polymer is a solid but when heated above 100 °C it flows. …Within the last quarter, 4D Molecular Therapeutics (NASDAQ:FDMT) has observed the following analyst ratings: Bullish Somewhat Bullish Indiffe... Within the last quarter, 4D Mo...Determining the molecular formula from the provided data will require comparison of the compound’s empirical formula mass to its molar mass. As the first step, use the percent composition to derive the compound’s empirical formula. Assuming a convenient, a 100-g sample of nicotine yields the following molar amounts of its elements:The formula weight of a substance is the sum of the atomic weights of each atom in its chemical formula. For example, water (H 2 O) has a formula weight of: 2 × (1.0079 amu) + 1 × (15.9994 amu) = 18.01528 amu 2 × ( 1.0079 a m u) + 1 × ( 15.9994 a m u) = 18.01528 a m u. If a substance exists as discrete molecules (as with atoms that are ... Molar Mass (Molecular Weight) - The term mole also referred to as mol was first used by Ostwald in 1896. The mass in g of 1 mole of a substance is known as the molar mass or molecular weight of the substance. The molar mass of any substance can be calculated whose chemical formula is given.
The molecular formula of methane is \(\ce{CH_4}\) and because it contains only one carbon atom, that is also its empirical formula. Sometimes, however, the molecular formula is a simple whole-number multiple of the empirical formula. Acetic acid is an organic acid that is the main component of vinegar. Its molecular formula is …. Kendrick lamar united in grief lyrics
Recruiters don't look at your resume for more than a few precious seconds, but that doesn't mean you shouldn't still carefully craft your resume to make sure you've got the best ch...Sum the masses to find the molecular mass or formula mass. molecular mass = 342.3 amu: formula mass = 164.10 amu: Explanation. It is called a molecular mass since C 12 H 22 O 11 is a molecular compound. It is called a formula mass since Ca(NO 3) 2 is an ionic compound. Interpretation. One molecule of C 12 H 22 O 11 has a mass of …The combustion analysis calculator will help you find the empirical and molecular formula of C, H, O compound or for a hydrocarbon: Choose the type of substance that you'd like to study. Input the molar mass, sample mass, CO2 mass, and H2O mass from the combustion analysis. For hydrocarbons, the sample mass is not …The empirical formula is CH. ... The molecular formula is (CH)6 = C6H6. ... 8. Assume 100.0 g; the percentages of the elements are then the same as their mass in ...Using our Molecular Weight Calculator we can easily get 30.026 g/mol. Next, we divide the molecular weight of the substance under study by the just found molecular weight of the empirical formula and obtain: 180.16 / 30.026 = 5.954. After rounding this result to a whole number we have n = 6, and obtain the molecular formula of glucose: C 6 H 12 ... Aspartame is the artificial sweetener sold as NutraSweet and Equal. Its molecular formula is C 14 H 18 N 2 O 5. Calculate the mass percentage of each element in aspartame. Calculate the mass of carbon in a 1.00 g packet of Equal, assuming it is pure aspartame. Given: molecular formula and mass of sample.For example, we have already seen CH 4, the molecular formula for methane. Below is the molecular formula of ammonia, NH 3. NH 3. An arrow points to the N and says, "The lack of a subscript on the N symbol indicates that there is 1 atom of nitrogen in a molecule of ammonia". An arrow points to H and says, "The subscript below the H symbol ...Solved Examples for Molecular Formula. Q 1] The empirical formula of a compound of boron and hydrogen is BH 3. Its molar mass is 27.7g/mol. Determine the molecular formula of the compound. Solution: First of all, calculate the empirical formula molar mass (EFM). Empirical formula molar mass (EFM) = 13.84 g/mol. The correct formula of Molarity can only be determined when you know the proper definition of the term and the meaning of all the other chemical terms used to build the formula. As per the definition, the molarity of a solution is the total number of moles of solute present in a particular volume of solution.The molecular mass and formula mass are commonly used as a synonym of molar mass, particularly for molecular compounds; however, the most authoritative sources define it differently. The difference is that molecular mass is the mass of one specific particle or molecule, while the molar mass is an average over many particles or molecules. ...The molecular mass and formula mass are commonly used as a synonym of molar mass, particularly for molecular compounds; however, the most authoritative sources define it differently. The difference is that molecular mass is the mass of one specific particle or molecule, while the molar mass is an average over many particles or molecules. ...A study of abdominal pain and severity of other side effects attributed to Picolax, a combination of citric acid, magnesium oxide and sodium picosulfate, was conducted among 267 patients, 55 of whom had inflammatory bowel disease, all of whom were given a full single dose of Picolax as preparation for radiology or endoscopy. The frequency of ….